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    • 专利摘要:
    A method for separating phosphorus and / or phosphorus compounds from iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers comprises at least the following steps: Melt of iron phosphides, in particular FeP, Fe2P and / or Fe3P and b1) Oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of Ca and Al carriers to form gaseous P2O5 and lime-aluminum-iron compounds, in particular brownmillerite, and / or b2) melt metallurgical Implementation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers to form iron sulfides and elemental phosphorus and / or b3) Oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of oxygen at a temperature of at least 1100 ° C to form iron oxides and P2O5.
    公开号:AT523447A1
    申请号:T143/2020
    申请日:2020-06-18
    公开日:2021-08-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Alfred Edlinger Dipl Ing；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Carrying out such a procedure.
    Elementary iron-phosphorus carriers (iron phosphides or ferrophosphides) occur e.g. in the Wöhler process when processing apatite or when reducing phosphate-rich melts in a carbon-containing iron bath (as described, for example, in WO 2005/113840 A1). Ferrophosphides are also obtained in the processing of organic waste with the addition of chlorine carriers and subsequent substoichiometric combustion to oxidize the waste to form metal chlorides and reduce the remaining fraction to obtain elemental phosphorus, as is described in EP 2 640 531 B1. Phosphate carriers containing iron (oxide) also occur in large quantities in industry and in particular in municipal wastewater plants and represent a total of them
    Disposal is increasingly a problem.
    The method according to the invention for separating phosphorus and / or phosphorus compounds from such iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers is used in particular for processing sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash, animal meal and animal meal ash, liquid manure, food residues, flame-retardant plastics, medicines, metallurgical slags, lubricant residues , used lithium ion batteries, electronic scrap and the like by separating the phosphorus and / or its compounds from said phosphate carriers, whereby the phosphorus content for further processing in the chemical industry, for example
    for the production of fertilizers or phosphoric acid, and the
    the iron production can be made usable.
    In particular, cement works are increasingly being obliged by law to recycle sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash, so that there is a need to make waste materials such as sewage sludge and the like efficient and safe
    To supply work-up.
    To solve this problem, the invention includes
    Do at least the following steps:
    a) Melt-metallurgical reduction of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers and with the formation of slag melt and a melt of iron phosphides,
    in particular FeP, Fe2P and / or FezsP and
    bl) Oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of Ca and Al carriers to form gaseous P20s and lime-aluminum-iron compounds, in particular brownmillerite, and / or
    b2) melt-metallurgical conversion of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers to form iron sulfides and elemental phosphorus and / or
    b3) Oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of oxygen at a temperature of at least 1100 ° C for
    Formation of iron oxides and P20s. The smelting metallurgical processes of the reduction according to
    Step a) are preferred in or on an inductive basis
    heated retort made of carbon carriers, i.e. a column
    Whenever phosphorus, phosphate, phosphate slag, phosphate carriers and the like are mentioned in the present application, phosphorus is generally used in cases of doubt
    different modifications and oxidation states meant.
    In the melt-metallurgical reduction according to step a), the phosphorus content (phosphorus and / or phosphate) is reduced to iron phosphides (ferrophosphorus) and the iron residue is converted into cement-compatible slag melt. The slag melt is separated from the iron phosphides and the iron phosphides are brought into contact with Ca and Al carriers for the most complete possible separation of the phosphorus content from the iron content in the subsequent smelt metallurgical oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides, whereby, due to the oxidation, volatile P20Os (gaseous) is formed and from the Ca and Al carriers together with the iron content, lime-aluminum-iron compounds and in particular brownmillerite are formed. These lime-aluminum-iron compounds have no chemical affinity for phosphorus, so that they are completely separated. Ca and Al carriers must be added if Ca (calcium) and Al (aluminum) are not already present in the process. For example, the slag melt formed in step a) generally consists to a large extent of calcium silicates and can therefore be used as a Ca carrier in step a). In the additionally or alternatively provided reaction of the melt of iron phosphides with elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers, iron sulfides and elemental phosphorus are formed, the
    elemental phosphorus, in turn, has no affinity for the
    Temperatures of at least 1100 ° C,
    With the method according to the invention, it is possible, through the oxidative reaction of the melt of iron phosphides with calcium and aluminum carriers in accordance with step bl), to form a cement-compatible product that does not contain any phosphorus and, on the other hand, to form gaseous P20s, which is then converted to further phosphorus modifications can be. With the method according to the invention, valuable materials for the cement industry as well as for the chemical industry are obtained from the waste materials mentioned at the beginning, so that a synergistic and economically profitable processing method is made available under the future legal regulations for the purchase of sewage sludge by cement works. Alternatively or additionally, the melt metallurgical conversion of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers, which can be understood as oxidative anion exchange with sulfur as the oxidizing agent, in the sense that the iron of the iron phosphides releases the phosphorus in favor of the sulfur highly reactive but economical
    valuable elemental phosphorus can be obtained directly,
    must be specified as follows:
    2e7 + S ° > 8 2- (reduction of sulfur) P3S- 3 P9 + 3e7 (oxidation of phosphorus) or PS> P9 + 5e7
    Alternatively, the iron sulfides can be converted with oxygen to iron oxide for the steel industry and sulfur dioxide, the sulfur dioxide in turn for the melt-metallurgical conversion (step b2)) of the melts from step a) to iron sulfides and elemental phosphorus
    Available.
    During the oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of Ca and Al carriers to form P205 and lime-aluminum-iron compounds, the iron phosphides formed in reduction step a) are in equilibrium with the lime-aluminum-iron compounds, the conversion (oxidation) in the presence of elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers (sulfur compounds) a quantitative
    Release of elemental phosphorus.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the procedure here is that the P20s formed in step b1) and / or b3) is fed to step a) to form elemental phosphorus. In this case, the P20s formed is again fed to the reduction step a) and
    there reduced to elemental phosphorus.
    available by incineration.
    It is further preferred to supply elemental hydrogen in step a), with which approximately up to one third of the total required reduction potential can be provided in an advantageous manner. The hydrogen is oxidized to water during the reduction and can subsequently be converted with carbon in an endothermic reaction to carbon monoxide and again to hydrogen (heterogeneous water gas reaction). The hydrogen can thus be regenerated to reduce the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers and the endothermic nature of the reaction of water with carbon to carbon monoxide and hydrogen can reduce the cooling requirement of the process gas of the process according to the invention and use it sensibly
    will.
    To the slag melt during the reduction as possible
    Keeping it fluid is the method according to the invention
    7758
    1.45, preferably 0.8 to 1.4, is set.
    The iron (oxide) -containing phosphate carriers mentioned at the beginning often contain a number of undesirable and problematic accompanying substances which have to be removed before the reduction step for reasons of waste management and also to avoid clogging and chemical cycles in the reduction devices. The method according to the invention is therefore preferably developed in such a way that before the reduction according to step a) there is a pre-oxidation of accompanying substances of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, such as organics, heavy metals, halogens, alkalis and sulfur compounds, with the formation of a Melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers and the gas phase containing the accompanying substances being withdrawn, the melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers being the
    Reduction according to step a) is subjected.
    For pre-oxidation, in the case of processing sewage sludge with a dry matter content of around 65%, lime carriers, in particular limestone, bone meal, steel mill slag and / or cement kiln bypass dusts are added, the pre-oxidation in a combustion chamber with the supply of iron (oxide) containing Phosphorus and / or phosphate carrier takes place by means of an oxygen-containing gas, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The combustion oxygen ratio is preferably A4 = 0.8 to 4A = 1.2. The melt of the
    iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers
    especially sodium, lithium and potassium, SO2 and the like.
    In order to be able to use the exergy, ie the sensible heat, of the hot exhaust gas, the method according to the invention is preferably developed in such a way that the gas phase containing the accompanying substances is subjected to a cooling step by bringing the gas phase into contact with organic waste, such as old plastic, electronics - and electronic scrap, biomass, digestate and shredder light fraction, and / or by bringing the gas phase into contact with limestone, marl lime, cement clinker raw meal and / or kaolin. As a result of this cooling step, the heat of the exhaust gas from the pre-oxidation is used to work up further waste materials, the complete conversion of the waste materials preferably being carried out in an entrained-flow gasifier. As an alternative or in addition, the heat of the exhaust gas from the pre-oxidation can preferably also be used for the calcination of limestone, lime marl, cement clinker raw meal
    and / or kaolin can be used.
    The exhaust gas temperature is preferably lowered to approximately 600 ° C., after which the exhaust gas from the cooling step is preferably used to generate steam and solid residues of gaseous Hz and / or CO are filtered off. The residual materials filtered off can include zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury, lead, chlorine, sodium, SOx, alkalis, alkaline earths and the like. They are obtained in the filter as a concentrate and can be processed according to processes known in metallurgy
    further purified. Hz and CO form so-called
    a) the process according to the invention can be used.
    Alternatively, the exhaust gas from the cooling step can be converted to Hz and CO2 in a water-gas shift reaction and solid residues of Hz and CO2 are filtered off, the residues in turn as a concentrate, as described above
    accrue and Hz and CO are obtained as synthesis gas.
    The pre-oxidation step can be separated from the reduction and oxidation steps according to the invention by the melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers being cooled and preferably granulated before the reduction of step a), as is a preferred embodiment of the corresponds to the method according to the invention. In this way, the hot phosphate slag melt becomes an uncritically manageable solid intermediate product, which can also be further processed at another location if the handling of phosphorus, in particular in elemental form, for approval reasons at the place of acceptance
    iron (oxide) containing phosphate carriers, such as sewage sludge, is not desired or not possible. The melt can be cooled and preferably granulated, for example, on a tin bath, as described in AT 521769 A1
    is described.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reduction according to step a) is carried out by means of a phosphorus and / or phosphate carrier containing the iron (oxide)
    reductive column made of carbon carriers, preferably made of coke,
    Charcoal, graphite and / or coal dust, preferably mixed with biomass and / or pyrolysate of organic compounds. Such reductive columns made of carbon carriers are already known in the prior art and are kept at high temperatures for the melt-metallurgical reduction, for example inductively. Depending on the procedure, carbon may have to be continuously replenished to cover losses from gasification processes and the actual ones
    Compensate for reduction processes.
    It is preferably provided here that the reductive column is kept at the reaction temperature by blowing in oxygen, the blowing in of oxygen naturally only taking place in an amount that is conducive to maintaining the reaction temperature, but the reduction potential of the carbon column for the phosphate and Iron (oxide) content not affected. The procedure here can preferably also be such that the reductive column is kept at the reaction temperature by electromagnetic induction, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Induction can be selected in addition to blowing in oxygen or as the sole means of maintaining the high temperatures required for the reduction processes, with inductive heating of the carbon column leading to a higher yield of elemental phosphorus by reducing and increasing the proportion of CO
    of the P2 partial pressure in the process gas.
    Preferred as reaction products of the reduction in step a) are Pı and CO in the gas phase and the melt of iron phosphides and the slag melt at the bottom of the column
    deducted, whereby, as already mentioned, the proportion of CO per
    can be higher or lower depending on the way in which the reaction temperature is maintained in the reductive column. In this embodiment, a part of the phosphorus or the phosphates is separated from as elementary phosphorus in the gas phase as early as in the reduction step
    Preserved iron constituents.
    In addition to the possibility of oxidizing the iron phosphides with elemental oxygen or sulfur directly in the melt bath or in a separate metallurgical ladle by blowing in O2 or sulfur using lances or bottom nozzles, sulfur can be introduced both as a solid and as sulfur vapor Steps bl), b2) and / or b3) of the method according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention proceeded in such a way that steps bl), b2) and / or b3) in an entrained flow reactor by atomizing the melt of iron phosphides by means of a gas stream, preferably consisting of or containing oxygen carriers such as O2, H2O0, air and / or CO2z, and preferably with the addition of Ca and Al carriers and / or elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers and / or elemental oxygen. As in step a), a finely divided atomization of the starting materials to be oxidized is sought so that the iron phosphides are present with the largest possible surface in the oxidizing environment of the entrained flow reactor and in intensive contact with the added Ca and Al carriers or the elemental sulfur and / or the sulfur carriers or the oxygen (carrier) occur. An entrained flow reactor for use in this oxidation step is shown, for example, in the Austrian patent specification AT 518 979 B1
    Disclosure regarding the addition of Ca and Al carriers or
    the elemental sulfur and / or the sulfur carriers must be adapted. However, it is essential that the melt of the iron phosphides can be ejected from a tundish or refractory lined storage container or a casting ladle via an outlet, which includes, for example, a weir pipe, into an entrained flow reactor Process oxidizing conditions can be set by adding O2 or oxygen carriers such as air, Oz or H2O0 or sulfur, and by further addition of Ca and Al carriers and / or elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers the necessary selectivity of the process for separating the phosphorus compounds from the iron compounds ensured
    will.
    The method according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that P2Os in the gas phase of lime-aluminum iron compounds, in particular brownmillerite, are separated off as reaction products of the oxidation according to step b1). As already mentioned, the lime-aluminum-iron compounds and in particular brownmillerite have no chemical affinity for P20s, so that these compounds are quantitatively separated from the phosphorus components. Phosphorus and phosphorus oxides can then be further processed using known methods and the lime-aluminum-iron compounds can be used, for example, in the cement industry
    can be incorporated into Portland clinker as a sintering aid.
    The method according to the invention is furthermore preferably designed in such a way that iron sulfides are separated from elemental phosphorus as reaction products of the reaction according to step b2). The iron sulfides do not have any
    Affinity for the elemental phosphorus, so that a
    quantitative separation of these compounds from the
    Phosphorus proportions takes place.
    The separation of P20s from lime-aluminum iron compounds and / or the separation of iron sulfides from elemental phosphorus is preferably carried out by means of a cyclone. This, too, represents a different procedure from that shown in the Austrian patent specification AT 518 979 B1, but does not represent a problem worth mentioning for the person skilled in the art. For example, this can also be done as described above in FIG
    oxidizing operated melt pool can be carried out externally.
    As an alternative to carrying out the oxidation step according to step bl) in an entrained flow or direct oxidation reactor, step bl) can preferably also be carried out in such a way that the oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides to P2O0s and the formation of lime-aluminum-iron compounds, in particular brownmillerite, in one Bottom area of the reductive column is carried out in that a gaseous oxygen carrier, preferably mixed with at least one aluminum carrier, is blown through the iron phosphide melt and the iron phosphides in this way with slag melt floating on the iron phosphide melt from step a) to form P20s and lime Aluminum-iron compounds, preferably brownmillerite, are brought into contact. In this case, the reductive column is reductive in the area of the task of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers for the phosphate and iron (oxide) components and also retains these reductive properties in an area that adjoins the area of the task downwards for the complete conversion of the phosphate and iron (oxide) components to form the melts of the
    Iron phosphide and the slag, and it is merely am
    At the bottom of the column, a milieu that oxidizes the iron phosphides is created by blowing in oxygen carriers, with the blowing in a mechanical mixing of the melts of iron phosphides and the slag melt and in this way, in the presence of aluminum carriers, the conversion of the slag melt to lime-aluminum-iron compounds, in particular Brownmillerite, takes place, which, as already mentioned several times, has no chemical affinity to the phosphorus components oxidized to P20s by the blowing in of oxygen carriers. The oxidation of the melt from iron phosphides to P20s is preferably carried out at temperatures of at least 1350.degree. The selective separation of P2O0s and its compounds from the lime-aluminum-iron compounds thus takes place in a single, continuously operable process section. The P2Os formed then flows into the reductive column and is reduced to Pz there. At this point you can start with an excess
    O2 to be worked.
    According to a preferred embodiment of this process alternative according to the invention, P20s are converted to P2z and CO in the reductive column and Pz and CO are removed in the gas phase when the P20Os formed at the bottom of the column rises in the reductive column further above and is reduced there to elemental phosphorus . By appropriately metering O2 into the reductive column, which, as already mentioned, may also be necessary to maintain a suitable reaction temperature, the proportions of P2 and CO in the gas phase can exceed a certain amount
    Range can be set.
    A device according to the invention for performing the
    The method according to the invention is according to a first
    Alternative for the processing of, possibly £ f. Granulated, melt of the phosphate and iron (oxide) components, as described above, designed in such a way that they contain a refractory lined housing that is symmetrical or rotationally symmetrical along a longitudinal axis and one arranged in the housing for the iron (oxide) Phosphorus and / or phosphate carrier reductive column made of, preferably inductively heated, carbon carriers, preferably made of coke, graphite and / or coal dust, preferably mixed with biomass and / or pyrolysate of organic compounds, the housing underneath a region with a suddenly enlarged diameter along the longitudinal axis Has formation of an annular space between the housing and the column, the device according to the invention being characterized in that at least one feed device for melting the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers opens into the annular space in the area of the sudden increase in diameter. The melts of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers are also referred to in connection with the present invention as pre-lacquer melts. This device according to the invention thus provides a reactor with a reductive column arranged therein, which, due to the sudden increase in diameter, provides an annular space into which the melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers from the pre-oxidation for reduction can be introduced. The surface of the column in the annulus below a compact section of the column, which is used as a preheating area for the carbon carriers and, if applicable,. serves for granulated, oxidized pre-lacquer melt, can thus be viewed as a reduction center at or in which the solid or molten starting materials, namely the melts of the
    iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, gg £.
    melted and reduced upon penetration into the column. The iron phosphides and their precursors migrate down the column due to gravity and are completely reduced in the process to collect at the bottom of the column. To compensate for carbon losses due to the gasification processes and the reduction reactions, coke, graphite or similar carbon carriers, as described above, are given up at the upper end of the device according to the invention, ie at the upper end of the compact section of the reductive column, which are due to the gasification processes in this area preheated and heated so that the necessary reaction temperature for reduction is already available in the area of the annular space. In the compact section of the reductive column mentioned, endothermic reactions take place in addition to preheating, such as prereduction of the starting materials or heterogeneous ones
    Water gas reactions.
    In order to ensure the distribution of solid and / or molten phosphate and iron oxide fractions on the surface of the reductive column in the area of the already mentioned reduction center, the at least one feed device can be inserted into the annular space with a plurality of radially and tangentially arranged in the area with a suddenly increased diameter Directed nozzles for the entry of an oxygen-containing gas and preferably coal dust cooperate, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The oxygen-containing gas that can be introduced through the nozzles, possibly mixed with coal dust or sewage sludge ash, ensures that the powdery or molten starting materials are evenly sheared or distributed in the annular space so that they are throughout
    Annular space distributed and thus evenly on the reductive
    Column can be applied. In this way, blockages, caking and the formation of chimneys in the reductive column are avoided and a uniform and effective reduction of the solid or molten liquid introduced
    Educts ensured.
    In order to ensure uniform flow conditions over the entire length of the device according to the invention, it is provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention that a central cylinder for forming an annular column is arranged in this area in the area with the enlarged diameter. The arrangement of a central cylinder to form a ring column prevents, on the one hand, that the reductive column in the area after the sudden increase in diameter has a much higher effective cross-section for the passage of reaction gases, which in terms of the formation of uniform and thus defined pressure conditions in the entire device according to the invention can be necessary, and on the other hand reduces the total requirement of the device according to the invention for carbon carriers, since of course no carbon carriers are to be provided in the volume of the central cylinder. In addition, the carbon carriers can only be heated up to a certain radial depth by induction, so that the formation of a ring column ensures that the carbon carriers are heated evenly by means of induction. The cylinder is preferably made of the same material as the housing itself and, of course, is also clad in a fireproof manner. The cylinder is covered at its upper end and preferably has a conical or
    hemispherical cover on.
    To set the reduction conditions and to maintain the necessary reaction temperature in the area of the ring column, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention that the central cylinder has a plurality of openings for blowing an oxygen-containing gas into the ring column
    having.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it can further be provided that an induction device is arranged in the central cylinder. This serves to additionally inductively heat the reductive column from the inside, which is the case with a corresponding voluminous column
    may be necessary.
    It is preferably provided that at the bottom of the housing there is a further area with an abruptly increased diameter, forming an annular space between the housing and the annular column, which is designed for drawing off or tapping off melts, preferably in a forehearth to separate the melts . This further area with a suddenly enlarged diameter thus forms a kind of tundish or melting cup or casting ladle at the bottom of the housing or the ring column and is used for the reduction
    catch and collect reaction products formed.
    As already described in connection with a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, steps b1), b2) or b3) of the method according to the invention can take place in an integrated manner in this device according to the invention if the further area with a suddenly enlarged diameter with nozzles for blowing an oxygen-containing
    Gas, preferably mixed with at least one aluminum carrier,
    is formed by the melt of iron phosphides, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this single-stage variant, the iron phosphides are oxidized at the bottom of the column that is otherwise reductive for phosphate components, whereby the iron phosphides come into contact with the slag melt above, which, if necessary, is mixed with aluminum carriers, whereby the selective lime-aluminum-iron compounds, in particular Brownmillerite, and P20s are formed by the column
    rises and in turn is reduced to P2 and CO.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the further area with a suddenly enlarged diameter can be designed with nozzles for blowing elemental hydrogen through. In this preferred variant, the reduction potential of the reductive column can thus be adjusted accordingly, as already described above, and in particular up to a third of the reduction potential provided for the reduction by hydrogen
    to be provided.
    Another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that a plurality of refractory-lined tubular parts of the housing, each symmetrical along a longitudinal axis, with phosphorus and iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and iron (oxide) -containing parts arranged in the tubular parts, are attached to the area with the enlarged diameter / or phosphate carrier reductive columns made of carbon carriers, preferably made of coke and / or coal dust, preferably mixed with biomass and / or pyrolysate of organic compounds. This means that the reductive column is divided into a plurality of reductive individual columns, whereby a relatively high
    Reduction rate with simultaneously small diameters of the
    reductive carbon support bed is provided. The preferred diameter of the tubular parts of the housing is 600 mm to 1000 mm in order to ensure a satisfactory coupling by induction of the individual columns. On the one hand, this has advantages with regard to the flow conditions in the individual reductive columns and, on the other hand, the individual columns can be individually heated inductively, so that sufficient even with high throughputs
    high reaction temperatures can be ensured.
    For this purpose, the tubular parts of the housing can each be encompassed by an induction coil, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this way, a large total of the
    reductive column are inductively heated.
    An alternative device for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a refractory lined housing and a preferably inductively heated column made of carbon carriers, preferably made of coke and / or coal dust, which is reductive for the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, arranged in the housing, preferably offset with biomass and / or pyrolysate of organic compounds, and is characterized according to the invention in that the housing has an offset along its longitudinal axis, preferably an offset, with the formation of a cavity between the housing and the column, with at least one in the area of the offset Feeding device for liquid melt of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers opens into the cavity. This variant of a device according to the invention for performing the method according to the invention thus represents a modification of the
    previously described variant of a reduction reactor with
    a suddenly enlarged diameter of the housing, in which, however, no annular space is formed, but only a cavity is formed between the housing and the reductive column in the area of the offset, in which molten products of the pre-oxidation, thus liquid educts of the reduction on the surface of the reductive column can be applied, in which case a reduction center is formed in the same way on the surface of the column, in which the phosphate components are reduced to iron phosphides and move downwards through the column due to gravity and collect at the bottom. In the area above the offset, a preheating area is again provided for the carbon carriers and possibly phosphate slag granulate, as has already been described in connection with the preceding device according to the invention. In this area, lumpy carbon carriers and solid phosphate slag granulate can be found
    to be abandoned.
    To maintain the required reaction temperature for the reduction, the housing preferably has a plurality of openings for blowing an oxygen-containing gas into the column or the carbon support bed, whereby endothermic reduction processes are maintained in the carbon bed of the reductive column. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention that an induction device for the reductive carbon bulk is provided in the area below the offset of the housing
    the reductive column is arranged.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present
    Invention is at the bottom of the housing another jump of the
    Housing arranged to form a cavity between the housing and the column, which is used for drawing off or tapping melts, preferably in a forehearth for separating the
    Melting, is formed.
    In the area of the further offset, nozzles for blowing a gaseous oxygen carrier, preferably offset with at least one aluminum carrier, through the melt of iron phosphides are preferably arranged. As already described above, this also offers the possibility of oxidation in the presence of Ca and Al carriers with the otherwise reductive carbon carrier bed in the device
    perform.
    As an alternative or in addition, the further area can be designed with a suddenly enlarged diameter with nozzles for blowing elemental hydrogen through, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this way, as already described above, elemental hydrogen can be fed to the step of reducing the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, with which approximately up to a third of the total required reduction potential can be provided in an advantageous manner. During the reduction of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, the hydrogen is oxidized to water and can subsequently be converted with carbon in an endothermic reaction to carbon monoxide and, in turn, to hydrogen. The hydrogen can thus be regenerated to reduce the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers and, due to the endothermic nature of the reaction of water with carbon to carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the cooling requirement of the process gas can be reduced
    method according to the invention can be reduced.
    Another device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention is intended to bring the melts formed in the pre-oxidation step, the melting or the melts formed in step a) of the method according to the invention to the reduction device or to receive them from the reduction device so that the melt for step bl ), b2) or b3) of the process according to the invention at another location, for example at the location where the entrained flow reactor is operated to oxidize the melts to form P2O0s and lime-aluminum-iron compounds and / or to react in the presence of elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers to form iron sulfides and elemental phosphorus and / or to oxidize the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of oxygen to form iron oxides and P20s. This has the background that in the process according to the invention in steps a) and b2) elemental phosphorus can be formed, which in itself is extremely problematic in handling, which is why it may be desirable to be able to separate the locations of the individual process steps and when Transport between the locations of the individual process steps to maintain or adjust the required temperatures of the melts. In addition, it may be desirable to use slag chemistry
    to be able to adjust specifically.
    For this reason, the device according to the invention for receiving melts preferably comprises a refractory lined housing rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation with at least one induction device spanning a portion of the housing and at least one of the at least one
    Induction device opposite opening. In this
    Device, the melts can be absorbed and kept at temperature with the aid of an inductively heated tin bath held in the device in the area of the induction device, in order to be subsequently reduced or subjected to step bl), b2) or b3) in the entrained flow reactor. The tin melt of the tin bath is kept at temperatures of approximately 1500 ° C. to 1600 ° C. and has no affinity to the iron phosphates of the oxidized premelt (phosphate melt) or to the iron phosphides
    on.
    At least one opening for blowing in flushing gas, preferably nitrogen, is preferably arranged in the area of the induction device, as a result of which overheated tin droplets are driven out of the tin bath into the melt of the iron phosphides. Due to the very large interface between the tin droplets and the melt of the iron phosphides, there is a very efficient heat transfer from the overheated tin to the melt
    Iron phosphides.
    Likewise, in this device according to the invention, an adjustment of the temperature and / or the chemical
    Properties of the slags or melts are made.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. 1 shows an overview diagram of the method according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a first variant of a device according to the invention for performing the method according to the invention, FIG. 3 shows a second variant of a device according to the invention for performing the method according to the invention, FIG
    Implementation of step bl), b2) or b3) des
    5 a preferred development of the first variant of the device according to FIG. 2, FIG. 6a a third variant of a device according to the invention for performing step a) of the method according to the invention in longitudinal section and FIG. 6b a cross section of the device according to FIG. 6a and 7 a device according to the invention for receiving the melt of iron phosphides or the oxidized melt formed in step a)
    Phosphate slag melt.
    In the diagram according to FIG. 1 it can be seen that the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers in a first step either of the optional pre-oxidation to remove accompanying substances, such as organics, heavy metals, alkalis, halogens, sulfur compounds and the like. , or can be fed directly to the reduction. In the event that the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers comprise sewage sludge or dry sewage sludge, animal meal and animal meal ash or food residues, pre-oxidation is recommended in any case. As described above, the exhaust gas from the pre-oxidation can be subjected to exhaust gas cooling by bringing the exhaust gas from the pre-oxidation into contact with organic waste such as plastics, biomass and the like. The cooled exhaust gas is then filtered, whereby the residues, such as heavy metals, halogens, alkalis, sulfur compounds and the like, are separated from the cooled gas, which is used as synthesis gas for energy production or as a reducing agent or as a raw material for the chemical industry (Fischer-Tropsch- Synthesis, methanol production) can be used. After the optional pre-oxidation, the melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers is if necessary.
    subjected to cooling and preferably granulation or
    the melts are fed directly to the reduction. In any case, it is essential to the invention that the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers are fed to a reduction, with the addition of carbon carriers on the one hand P2 / Pı and CO and Hz being formed in the gas phase and on the other hand an iron phosphide melt and a slag melt being formed . The slag melt can in turn be granulated, with the resulting heat in turn being used to generate energy. Likewise, the exergy of the slag can be used in a preferred manner for the extraction of charcoal, whereby the entire carbon requirement of the reduction step can be covered if necessary. This leads to an extremely favorable CO2 balance of the method according to the invention. The iron phosphide melt can then be subjected to an oxidation according to step bl), with P20s being formed in the gas phase and the iron content of the iron phosphide melt due to the addition of aluminum carriers and possibly calcium carriers, if calcium is not already present, for example in the form of the slag melt Lime-aluminum-iron compounds and in particular brownmillerite are implemented, which can then be incorporated into Portland clinker. Alternatively or additionally, the melts can be converted to iron sulfides and elemental phosphorus in the presence of elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers. Alternatively or additionally, the melts can be closed in the presence of oxygen
    Iron oxides and P20s are implemented.
    As can be seen from FIG. 2, a first variant of a device 1 according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a housing 2 in which a for
    the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers
    27758
    reductive column 3 is arranged from carbon supports. The housing 2 has, along the longitudinal axis 4, a region 5 with an abruptly enlarged diameter, as a result of which an annular space 6 is formed between the housing 2 and the column 3. In this way, the possibility is created in the area 5 of arranging a feeding device 7, shown in FIG. 5, for feeding melts of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers into the annular space 6. The feed device 7 is supplemented by a plurality of nozzles 8 for an oxygen-containing gas and optionally coal dust or sewage sludge ash, which are radially arranged in the area 5 with a suddenly enlarged diameter and directed tangentially into the annular space. In the area 5 with the enlarged diameter, a central cylinder 9 is arranged, which is lined in the interior of the device 1 in a fire-proof manner. Pillar 3 has therefore been expanded into a ring pillar 3 'in this area. An induction device is denoted by the reference numeral 34. At the bottom 10 of the housing 2 there is a further area 11 with an abruptly enlarged diameter, which is used for drawing off or tapping off melt, preferably in a forehearth 12 for separating the melts. Nozzles 13 can be arranged on the bottom 10 of the column for blowing an oxygen-containing gas through the melt of iron phosphides 14, which can preferably be provided with an aluminum carrier. In this way, the melt of iron phosphides 14 is brought into contact with the slag melt 15 above it, whereby the oxidation to P20s and the formation of lime-aluminum-iron compounds, preferably brownmillerite, can also be carried out in this device. The P20s rises through the ring column 3 'and column 3 in gaseous form and is converted to P2 there. Pz2 and CO can be on the trigger 16 of the device 1
    subtracted from. At 17 is a feed device for
    Carbon carriers such as coke, and
    Called phosphate slag granulate.
    In FIG. 3, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, and a variant of a device 1 according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown. The device 1 is in turn formed by a housing 2 and a column 3 arranged therein, which is reductive for the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, the housing 2 having an offset 18 along its longitudinal axis 4, creating a cavity 6 between the housing 2 and the column 3 is formed. For a better overview, no induction device can be seen in FIG. 3, but such an induction device can be provided analogously to FIG. 2 for heating the reductive column 3. 19 denotes a feed device for preferably molten starting materials from the reduction, which molten starting materials, i.e. the melt of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, can be applied to the column 3. The melt of the iron phosphides 14 and the slag melt 15 collect again after the reduction at the bottom 10 of the housing 2 or the column 3 and can either be withdrawn there into a forehearth (not shown) or, as already described above, by blowing an oxygen-containing gas through are brought into contact with one another by the melts 14 and 15 from nozzles 13, to form P20s and lime-aluminum-iron compounds. The P20s in turn rises in gaseous form through the reductive column 3 and can be withdrawn at the exhaust 16 after conversion to Pı together with CO. Used carbon is in turn replaced via the feed device 17. At the feed device 17, the addition of
    solid, possibly granulated phosphate slag granulate.
    4 shows an entrained-flow gasifier 20 for the separate conversion of the iron phosphides according to steps b1), b2) and b3). The entrained flow gasifier 20 has a tundish or a casting ladle 21 for the melts 14 and 15, wherein a weir pipe 21 'can be lowered into the tundish 21 in order to form an annular gap 22 for the melts 14 and 15 to pass into a direct oxidation reactor . The wall 24 of the oxidation device can be cooled by an air stream which is operated by means of a fan blower 25, the heated and thereby expanded gas being able to be expanded in a turbine 26 for energy generation. An oxygen-containing gas or another gas with an oxidizing effect, such as O2, O2H20, air, CO2 or a sulfur-containing gas or sulfur vapor with high kinetic energy, is blown in via a lance 27 in order to atomize the melts 14 and 15 as they pass through the annular gap 22 . A feed device for Ca and / or Al carriers and / or elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers is designated by 28. The reaction products are drawn off at the exhaust 29 and fed to a cyclone 30, for example, to separate the gas phase from brownmillerite, iron sulfides and / or iron oxides, which has an exhaust 31 for the gaseous P20s and / or elemental phosphorus and a rotary valve 32 for discharging the lime
    Has aluminum-iron compounds.
    In Fig. 5, the same parts are again provided with the same reference numerals and it can be seen that in the area 5 with an abruptly enlarged diameter, whereby an annular space 6 is formed between the housing 2 and the column 3, a feed device 7 for feeding melts of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers in the
    Annular space 6 is arranged, the feed device 7 as
    ring-shaped melting pan is formed which has at least one opening 7 'at its bottom, which can be opened and closed with a metering plunger 77 ". In the area of the annular column 3 ', an induction device 34 is arranged on the outside and inside in order to keep the reductive column 3 and 3' at a suitable reaction temperature. At the bottom 10 of the housing 2 there is a further area 11 with an abruptly enlarged diameter, with a further annular tundish 33 or an annular melting pan 33 for receiving the melt of iron phosphides and the slag melt being arranged below the area 11 In addition, coal dust and / or acid can also be blown into the annular space 6 toff
    be blown in.
    In Fig. 6a and 6b it is shown that on the area 11 with the enlarged diameter a plurality of each symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal axis, refractory lined tubular parts 2 'of the housing 2 with arranged in the tubular parts 2' for the iron ( oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate supports reductive columns 3 ″ made of carbon supports, wherein
    these are each surrounded by induction devices 34.
    In Fig. 7 is a rotatably mounted housing 35 with a
    Opening 36 and an induction device 37 can be seen. In the area of the induction device 37 there is an opening 35 'for blowing in flushing gas, for example nitrogen.
    A tin bath 38 is created in the area of the induction device 37
    held at temperatures of 1500 ° C. to 1600 ° C., which, supported by the flushing gas, keeps the pre-oxidized slag melt 39 above it and possibly the slag melt at a suitable reaction temperature. In the device according to FIG. 7, the temperature and chemical properties of the pre-oxidized slag melt 39 can furthermore be set as described above. A further advantage of the use of a device according to FIG. 7 is that flow fluctuations in the above-described process stages of pre-oxidation or of step a) are prevented by providing a collection volume
    can be compensated.
    权利要求:
    Claims (38)
    [1]
    1. Process for separating phosphorus and / or phosphorus compounds from iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, such as sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash, animal meal and animal meal ash, liquid manure, food residues, flame-retardant plastics, medicines, metallurgical slag, lubricant residues, used lithium ion batteries, Electronic waste and the like
    comprising at least the following steps:
    a) Melt-metallurgical reduction of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers with the formation of slag melt and a melt of iron phosphides,
    in particular FeP, Fe2P and / or FezsP and
    bl) Oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of Ca and Al carriers to form gaseous P20s and lime-aluminum-iron compounds, in particular brownmillerite, and / or
    b2) melt-metallurgical conversion of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers to form iron sulfides and elemental phosphorus and / or
    b3) Oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides in the presence of oxygen at a temperature of at least 1100 ° C for
    Formation of iron oxides and P20s.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that
    the P20s formed in step bl) and / or b3) to step a)
    is added to the formation of elemental phosphorus.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step a) coal dust and preferably oxygen at a substoichiometric combustion oxygen ratio, preferably at a combustion oxygen ratio of A4 = 0.2 to A4 = 0.8,
    preferably 4 = 0.4, is supplied.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in step a) more elementary
    Hydrogen is supplied.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in step a) the basicity (CaO / SiO2) of the slag melt by adding Ca carriers and / or Si carriers to a value of 0.75 to 1, 45,
    preferably 0.8 to 1.4.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that before the reduction according to step a) there is a pre-oxidation of accompanying substances of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers, such as organics, heavy metals, halogens, alkalis and Sulfur compounds, with the formation of a melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers and with removal of the gas phase containing the accompanying substances, the melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers being the
    Reduction according to step a) is subjected.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the pre-oxidation in a combustion chamber with feeding of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers by means
    an oxygen-containing gas takes place.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the gas phase containing the accompanying substances is subjected to a cooling step by bringing the gas phase into contact with organic waste, such as old plastic, electrical and electronic scrap, biomass, digestate and shredder light fraction, and / or by Bringing the gas phase into contact with limestone, lime marl, cement clinker raw meal and / or
    Kaolin.
    [9]
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the exhaust gas of the cooling step is used to generate steam and solid residues of gaseous Hz; and / or CO filtered off
    will.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the exhaust gas of the cooling step is converted to Hz and CO2 in a water-gas shift reaction and solid residues of Hz and
    CO2 can be filtered off.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the melt of the iron (oxide) -containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers before the reduction of the
    Step a) is cooled and preferably granulated.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the reduction according to step a) by means of a for the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carrier reductive column made of carbon carriers, preferably made of coke, charcoal, graphite and / or coal dust, preferably mixed with organic biomass and / or pyrolysate
    Connections.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the reductive column by blowing in oxygen
    Reaction temperature is maintained.
    [14]
    14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the reductive column is kept at the reaction temperature by electromagnetic induction
    will.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that as reaction products of the reduction according to step a) Pı and CO in the gas phase and the melt of iron phosphides and the slag melt at the bottom of the column
    subtracted from.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that steps bl), b2) and / or b3) in an entrained flow reactor by atomizing the melt of iron phosphides by means of a gas stream, preferably consisting of or containing O2, H20, air and / or CO2, and preferably with the addition of Ca and Al carriers and / or elemental sulfur and / or sulfur carriers and / or elemental
    Oxygen, takes place or takes place.
    [17]
    17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that as reaction products of the oxidation according to step bl) P2Os are separated in the gas phase from lime-aluminum iron compounds, in particular brownmillerite
    will.
    [18]
    18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized
    characterized in that as reaction products of the reaction according to
    Step b2) separated iron sulfides from elemental phosphorus
    will.
    [19]
    19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the separation of P20s from lime-aluminum-iron compounds and / or the separation of iron sulfides from elemental phosphorus by means of a cyclone
    he follows.
    [20]
    20. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the oxidation of the melt of iron phosphides to P20s and the formation of lime-aluminum iron compounds, in particular brownmillerite, takes place in a bottom area of the reductive column by a gaseous oxygen carrier, preferably mixed with at least one aluminum carrier through which the iron phosphide melt is blown and the iron phosphides in this way in contact with the slag melt floating on the iron phosphide melt from step a) to form P20s and lime-aluminum iron compounds, preferably brownmillerite
    to be brought.
    [21]
    21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that P2O0s reacted in the reductive column to P2z and CO and Pı and
    CO can be withdrawn in the gas phase.
    [22]
    22. Device for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a refractory lined, symmetrical or rotationally symmetrical housing along a longitudinal axis and a preferably inductively heated, for the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphorus and / or housing arranged in the housing Phosphate carrier
    reductive column made of carbon carriers, preferably made of coke,
    Graphite and / or coal dust, preferably mixed with biomass and / or pyrolysate of organic compounds, the housing having an area along the longitudinal axis with an abruptly enlarged diameter with the formation of an annular space between the housing and the column, characterized in that in the area of the abrupt Enlargement of the diameter at least one feed device for melt containing iron (oxide)
    Phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers opens into the annulus.
    [23]
    23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the at least one feed device with a plurality of nozzles arranged radially in the area with a suddenly increased diameter and directed tangentially into the annular space for the entry of an oxygen-containing gas and preferably
    Coal dust interacts.
    [24]
    24. The device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that in the area with the enlarged diameter, a central cylinder for forming a
    Ring column is arranged in this area.
    [25]
    25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the central cylinder has a plurality of openings for blowing an oxygen-containing gas into the ring column
    having.
    [26]
    26. The device according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that a in the central cylinder
    Induction device is arranged.
    [27]
    27. Device according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized
    marked that at the bottom of the case another
    Area with a suddenly enlarged diameter is arranged with the formation of an annular space between the housing and the annular column, which is used for drawing off or tapping off melts, preferably in a forehearth for separating the
    Melting, is formed.
    [28]
    28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the further area with a suddenly enlarged diameter with nozzles for blowing through an oxygen-containing gas, preferably offset with at least one aluminum carrier,
    is formed by the melt of iron phosphides.
    [29]
    29. The device according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the further area with a suddenly enlarged diameter with nozzles for blowing through
    elemental hydrogen is formed.
    [30]
    30. The device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that on the area with the enlarged diameter a plurality of each symmetrically arranged along a longitudinal axis, refractory lined tubular parts of the housing with arranged in the tubular parts, for the iron (oxide) containing Phosphorus and / or phosphate carrier reductive columns made from carbon carriers, preferably from coke and / or coal dust, preferably mixed with organic biomass and / or pyrolysate
    Connections, connects.
    [31]
    31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that
    that the tubular parts of the housing each from one
    Induction coil are included.
    [32]
    32. Device for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a refractory lined housing and a preferably inductively heated, for the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carrier, a reductive column made of carbon carriers, preferably made of coke, arranged in the housing and / or coal dust, preferably mixed with biomass and / or pyrolysate of organic compounds, characterized in that the housing has an offset along its longitudinal axis, preferably an offset, with the formation of a cavity between the housing and the column, wherein in the area of the offset at least one feed device for liquid melts of the iron (oxide) containing phosphorus and / or phosphate carriers in the
    Cavity opens.
    [33]
    33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the housing has a plurality of openings for injection
    having an oxygen-containing gas in the column.
    [34]
    34. The device according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that a further offset of the housing is arranged at the bottom of the housing with the formation of a cavity between the housing and the column, which is used for drawing off or tapping melts, preferably in a
    Forehearth for separating the melts.
    [35]
    35. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that in the area of the further offset nozzles for blowing a gaseous oxygen carrier, preferably offset with at least one aluminum carrier, through the melt of
    Iron phosphides are arranged.
    40758
    [36]
    36. Apparatus according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the further area with a suddenly enlarged diameter with nozzles for blowing through
    elemental hydrogen is formed
    [37]
    37. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a refractory lined housing rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation with at least one induction device spanning a portion of the housing and at least one of the at least one
    Induction device opposite opening.
    [38]
    38. Device according to claim 37, characterized in that in the area of the induction device at least one opening for blowing in flushing gas, preferably nitrogen,
    is arranged.
    Vienna, June 18, 2020 AnmeXdet VO
    you WAZ "4
    H end and Keschmann Patentanwälte GmbH
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT600302020|2020-02-02|PCT/IB2020/062183| WO2021152386A1|2020-02-02|2020-12-18|Method for separating phosphorus and/or phosphorus compounds from phosphorus carriers and/or phosphate carriers containing iron |
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